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Microfluidic Future serves as a portal to spread the news and developments in the field of microfluidics with the world.
Hector Munoz
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- August 31, 2011
- 08:30 AM
- 798 views
Building Cartilage Scaffolds the Microfluidic Way
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
CartilageOur bodies are pretty much amazing. We can get hurt, and our bodies will heal our cuts and bones (with the right support). But not everything heals so easily, like cartilage. The cartilage in our joints is called hyaline cartilage and can be damaged from trauma or diseases like osteoarthritis. The other cartilages like elastic cartilage (found in our ears and nose) and fibrocartilage (found on tendons and ligaments) are a bit of a different story. The hyaline cartilage found on the arti........ Read more »
Hutmacher, D. (2000) Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage. Biomaterials, 21(24), 2529-2543. DOI: 10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00121-6
Temenoff, J., & Mikos, A. (2000) Review: tissue engineering for regeneration of articular cartilage. Biomaterials, 21(5), 431-440. DOI: 10.1016/S0142-9612(99)00213-6
Wang, C., Yang, K., Lin, K., Liu, H., & Lin, F. (2011) A highly organized three-dimensional alginate scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering prepared by microfluidic technology. Biomaterials, 32(29), 7118-7126. DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.06.018
- September 8, 2011
- 08:28 AM
- 668 views
Filtering Blood During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB)
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Cardiopulmonary BypassCardiopulmonary Bypass (source) More than 1,000 adult and 50 pediatric patients undergo a surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) each day in the United States. A CPB is used when performing surgery on the heart or lungs, leaving them unable to perform their normal functions. But CPB introduces a lot of foreign material to the body, creating adverse reactions. The CPB assembly, drugs and surgical processes can each have t........ Read more »
Aran, K., Fok, A., Sasso, L., Kamdar, N., Guan, Y., Sun, Q., Ündar, A., & Zahn, J. (2011) Microfiltration platform for continuous blood plasma protein extraction from whole blood during cardiac surgery. Lab on a Chip, 11(17), 2858. DOI: 10.1039/C1LC20080A
- March 8, 2012
- 01:44 PM
- 474 views
Getting to the Root of Microfluidics
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
It’s not hard to see that a lot here at Microfluidic Future focuses on the medical applications of microfluidics, but that doesn’t mean that I’m not interested in other ways the technology can be used. I love to see novel applications of microfluidics because progress for anyone is progress for everyone. That brings me to today’s post on the RootChip. If the name isn’t a total give away, I recently came across an article that uses a microfluidic chip to study the ro........ Read more »
Grossmann, G., Guo, W., Ehrhardt, D., Frommer, W., Sit, R., Quake, S., & Meier, M. (2011) The RootChip: An Integrated Microfluidic Chip for Plant Science. THE PLANT CELL ONLINE, 23(12), 4234-4240. DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.092577
- August 23, 2011
- 10:43 PM
- 466 views
Microfluidics Education
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
The extent to which someone develops their passion and calling for is affected by when they are exposed to it, if it all. It wasn't until 2009 (the summer before my junior year) that I was first exposed to microfluidics when Dr. John T McDevitt came to Rice University. I wish I had met him earlier, because I was hooked from then on, and knew that I wanted to enter the field. Although I had been somewhat familiar with nanotechnology and MEMS since high school, I had never heard anything about mic........ Read more »
Nguyen, D., McLane, J., Lew, V., Pegan, J., & Khine, M. (2011) Shrink-film microfluidic education modules: Complete devices within minutes. Biomicrofluidics, 5(2), 22209. DOI: 10.1063/1.3576930
- September 25, 2011
- 04:11 PM
- 454 views
SIMBAS, Everything the Blood Touches Is Our Kingdom
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Hey, how’s your biotin? What? No it’s not an organic metal, maybe you call it B7? You’re probably fine, but have you been depressed, lethargic or losing your hair lately? Biotin is pretty important; it’s necessary for metabolism within our cells, so I make sure I never leave home without it. It’s rare for someone to have a biotin deficiency, but if you want to know your levels, give me a drop of your blood, and I’ll have an answer from you in 10 minutes. How? Oh just my self-powered ........ Read more »
Dimov, I., Basabe-Desmonts, L., Garcia-Cordero, J., Ross, B., Ricco, A., & Lee, L. (2011) Stand-alone self-powered integrated microfluidic blood analysis system (SIMBAS). Lab on a Chip, 11(5), 845. DOI: 10.1039/C0LC00403K
- August 23, 2011
- 10:30 PM
- 447 views
Vortices, not Vortexing: Replacing the Centrifuge with a Lab-on-a-Chip
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
In case you didn’t get the first part of my title, let me tell you a little about centrifugation. Centrifugation is a very common research technique. A solution is centrifuged to isolate suspended particles by spinning it around at high speeds. Depending on the weight of the particles and the force of the centrifuge, the heavier particles will form a pellet at the bottom of the container. The rest will still be suspended in fluid. Depending on which particles you’re after, you can continue d........ Read more »
Mach, A., Kim, J., Arshi, A., Hur, S., & Di Carlo, D. (2011) Automated cellular sample preparation using a Centrifuge-on-a-Chip. Lab on a Chip, 11(17), 2827-2834. DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20330d
- September 30, 2011
- 12:00 PM
- 447 views
The Microvalve: The Traffic Light of Microfluidics
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
You could say that valves in microfluidics (or microvalves) are like street lights that control traffic along microfluidic channels. But I’d say that they’re more like police barricades, stopping anyone they want, wherever they want. The sole purpose of microvalves is to control flow within a microfluidics device, allowing them to become very complex and more automated. Without microvalves, all reactions and mixing must occur in the same space, unless they were premixed elsewhere, wh........ Read more »
Oh, K., & Ahn, C. (2006) A review of microvalves. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, 16(5). DOI: 10.1088/0960-1317/16/5/R01
Elizabeth Hulme, S., Shevkoplyas, S., & Whitesides, G. (2009) Incorporation of prefabricated screw, pneumatic, and solenoid valves into microfluidic devices. Lab on a Chip, 9(1), 79. DOI: 10.1039/b809673b
- September 14, 2011
- 10:12 PM
- 441 views
Microfluidics? What's That? A Beginner's Guide
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Microfluidic chemostat used to study microbes
I don’t quite have the resources to poll the United States and the rest of the world, but if I did, this is what I’d ask:
Do you know what microfluidics is?
Can you explain it to me?
Do you currently use anything with this technology?
We may never know the results of the poll, but I think I'd hear "No" for most of them. Have no fear, because today you’re lucky enough to read my Beginner’s Guide to Microfluidics.
To start with...... Read more »
Whitesides, G. (2006) The origins and the future of microfluidics. Nature, 442(7101), 368-373. DOI: 10.1038/nature05058
- August 23, 2011
- 09:50 PM
- 440 views
Creating Droplets in Microfluidic Devices with Ultraviolet Light
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Digital Microfluidics BackgroundWith the widespread use of electronics, we often use the word ‘digital,’ but we might not always think about what it actually means. For those of you who have never taken a class in electrical engineering, or never learned Latin (from the word digitus), the word describes anything that is discrete as opposed to continuous. Digital has also been applied to a type of microfluidics. With the definition in hand, you might guess that digital microfluidics does not ........ Read more »
Diguet, A., Li, H., Queyriaux, N., Chen, Y., & Baigl, D. (2011) Photoreversible fragmentation of a liquid interface for micro-droplet generation by light actuation. Lab on a Chip, 11(16), 2666-2669. DOI: 10.1039/C1LC20328B
- October 19, 2011
- 10:52 AM
- 437 views
Detecting Ovarian Cancer with a Cell Phone and a Microfluidic Chip
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer related mortality among women. Like many diseases, there is a stark difference in survival rates depending on detection times. When ovarian cancer is detected at stage I, there is a 90% 5 year survival rate. Compare that with the 33% 5 year survival rate when the ovarian cancer is detected in stage III and IV. This disease is unfortunately asymptomatic at early stages, drastically eliminating the odds of discovery with enough time to make a dif........ Read more »
Wang, S., Zhao, X., Khimji, I., Akbas, R., Qiu, W., Edwards, D., Cramer, D., Ye, B., & Demirci, U. (2011) Integration of cell phone imaging with microchip ELISA to detect ovarian cancer HE4 biomarker in urine at the point-of-care. Lab on a Chip, 11(20), 3411. DOI: 10.1039/C1LC20479C
- October 6, 2011
- 08:26 AM
- 432 views
Clearing Sepsis with Magnetic Microfluidics
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Sepsis is a big killer here in the United States. I know that I don’t really think about that in a normal day, but it’s the truth, and we can’t ignore it. As of 2005, it was the 10th leading cause of death and was just one of two infectious conditions listed in the leading 15 causes of death. Sepsis develops in 750,000 Americans annually, and more than 210,000 die. (That’s a mortality rate of 28 %!) Sepsis not only kills, but it’s accountable for $16.7 billion in an........ Read more »
Melamed, A., & Sorvillo, F. (2009) The burden of sepsis-associated mortality in the United States from 1999 to 2005: an analysis of multiple-cause-of-death data. Critical Care, 13(1). DOI: 10.1186/cc7733
Hotchkiss, R., & Karl, I. (2003) The Pathophysiology and Treatment of Sepsis. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(2), 138-150. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra021333
Yung, C., Fiering, J., Mueller, A., & Ingber, D. (2009) Micromagnetic–microfluidic blood cleansing device. Lab on a Chip, 9(9), 1171. DOI: 10.1039/b816986a
- August 23, 2011
- 10:27 PM
- 399 views
Decoding Liquids Before Your Very Eyes
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Seeing really is believing. How often can we tell what a liquid is by just looking at it? Not too often. Sure, you might be able to tell when you definitely smell something sulfurous, or have a slippery base and I hope you can pick out milk. But we’re not always that lucky, especially if you’re dealing with something you really shouldn’t be touching or directly smelling. There are a ton of tests we can run to pinpoint what it is and you often need a pro to decipher the results. Ideally you........ Read more »
Burgess, I., Mishchenko, L., Hatton, B., Kolle, M., Lončar, M., & Aizenberg, J. (2011) Encoding Complex Wettability Patterns in Chemically Functionalized 3D Photonic Crystals. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 133(32), 12430-12432. DOI: 10.1021/ja2053013
- January 26, 2012
- 02:18 PM
- 399 views
Spin Silk Like a Spider! No Legs Required (Just Microfluidics)
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Biomimetics. I love that word. Well, probably not as much as microfluidics, but it’s a close second. If you’re unfamiliar with the word, it basically refers to design that mimics biology. Biological systems have evolved into finely tuned machines, why not mimic them in order to synthesize what we need? Biomimetics isn’t new, it’s been around in one form or another for a long time (my favorite instance is Velcro), but our capabilities are broadening as we are able to manuf........ Read more »
Kang, E., Jeong, G., Choi, Y., Lee, K., Khademhosseini, A., & Lee, S. (2011) Digitally tunable physicochemical coding of material composition and topography in continuous microfibres. Nature Materials, 10(11), 877-883. DOI: 10.1038/nmat3108
- February 2, 2012
- 02:30 PM
- 394 views
A Case for Oral Diagnostics with Microfluidics
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
What’s So Great About Oral Diagnostics?
Well, a lot of things, but let’s start with the basics. In order to use a microfluidic device, you need some type of fluid right? Sure if you had some powder or fine material you could suspend it in a fluid, but for simplicity sake, let’s look at fluids as our test material. If you wanted to run a health-related diagnostic, you only have so many bodily fluids available before you have to get creative and very invasive:
Blood
........ Read more »
Giannobile, W., McDevitt, J., Niedbala, R., & Malamud, D. (2011) Translational and Clinical Applications of Salivary Diagnostics. Advances in Dental Research, 23(4), 375-380. DOI: 10.1177/0022034511420434
Hart, R., Mauk, M., Liu, C., Qiu, X., Thompson, J., Chen, D., Malamud, D., Abrams, W., & Bau, H. (2011) Point-of-care oral-based diagnostics. Oral Diseases, 17(8), 745-752. DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01808.x
- October 28, 2011
- 11:41 AM
- 390 views
PDMS: The Favorite Material of Microfluidics (for now)
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Whether you’ve been learning about microfluidics here at Microfluidic Future or somewhere else, you’ve undoubtedly come across the elastomer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). PDMS has radically changed the capabilities of microfluidics (and its price tag) since it was first brought into microfluidics by George Whitesides in 1998. PDMS has effectively replaced glass and silicon which were borrowed from existing micromachining industries. PDMS has great resolution and can contain sub-0.1 ........ Read more »
McDonald, J., & Whitesides, G. (2002) Poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a Material for Fabricating Microfluidic Devices. Accounts of Chemical Research, 35(7), 491-499. DOI: 10.1021/ar010110q
- November 9, 2011
- 11:44 AM
- 366 views
Bloodhound Beads Sniffing out Heart Attacks
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
How would you detect a heart attack? There are some symptoms that might tell you that you are very likely having a heart attack. Although you might feel pain in the chest, shortness of breath or other known physical symptoms, that doesn’t mean you in are actually having one. Conversely, you may not experience these symptoms but an attack is well on its way. In addition to painful symptoms, an electrocardiogram can be used to further indicate if you’re having a heart attack, but it al........ Read more »
Du, N., Chou, J., Kulla, E., Floriano, P., Christodoulides, N., & McDevitt, J. (2011) A disposable bio-nano-chip using agarose beads for high performance immunoassays. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 28(1), 251-256. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.027
- May 3, 2012
- 04:30 PM
- 338 views
Putting the Squeeze on Microfluidics
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Microfluidic devices are able to process small volumes of liquid and are comprised of microscale components, but the devices themselves are not often small themselves. These labs-on-chips are often limited to lives in labs instead of the remote areas that could really benefit from their use. The limitation comes in the form of support equipment used to process or analyze assays that are expensive, bulky, energy consuming and/or require trained professional operators. Syringe pumps are often used........ Read more »
Li, W., Chen, T., Chen, Z., Fei, P., Yu, Z., Pang, Y., & Huang, Y. (2012) Squeeze-chip: a finger-controlled microfluidic flow network device and its application to biochemical assays. Lab on a Chip, 12(9), 1587. DOI: 10.1039/C2LC40125H
- April 10, 2012
- 02:01 PM
- 325 views
Narrowing the Gap to Characterize Sickle Cell Disease
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Microfluidic Future is by no means an accurate representation of all the current, ongoing research in microfluidics. Nevertheless, the fact that you won’t be able to find any articles about assays relying on a biophysical marker isn’t too far off the reality in microfluidics. I suppose this is partly due to the incredible amount of previous work on molecular markers when high resolution control hadn’t been realized yet. Regardless, I was happy to come across an article about a ........ Read more »
Wood DK, Soriano A, Mahadevan L, Higgins JM, & Bhatia SN. (2012) A Biophysical Indicator of Vaso-occlusive Risk in Sickle Cell Disease. Science Translational Medicine, 4(123), 1-8. PMID: 22378926
- April 19, 2012
- 03:00 PM
- 319 views
Diagnosing Similar Diseases in Low Resource Settings
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
A lot of excitement surrounding microfluidics has been about its promising use in diagnosis in low-resource settings. Many infectious diseases present in developing countries are manageable or treatable with available medications, but still account for 1/3 of deaths. In these areas, multiple diseases present similar symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis and thus incorrect treatment. Hundreds of blood-based microfluidic immunoassays are available for diagnostic purposes, but they’re not all cre........ Read more »
Lafleur, L., Stevens, D., McKenzie, K., Ramachandran, S., Spicar-Mihalic, P., Singhal, M., Arjyal, A., Osborn, J., Kauffman, P., Yager, P.... (2012) Progress toward multiplexed sample-to-result detection in low resource settings using microfluidic immunoassay cards. Lab on a Chip, 12(6), 1119. DOI: 10.1039/C2LC20751F
- May 31, 2012
- 02:20 PM
- 256 views
Rolling Out Cell Sorting with Microfluidics
by Hector Munoz in Microfluidic Future
Cells are quite valuable, especially when used for regenerative research, diagnostics or research. But harvested cells do not come presorted and need to be separated from a heterogeneous mixture of cells. There are already numerous methods to sort cells according to biophysical properties such as size, density, morphology, and dielectric or magnetic susceptibility. Cell sorting based on labels can have a higher specificity, but introduces extra steps to add and remove labels, which can affect th........ Read more »
Choi, S., Karp, J., & Karnik, R. (2012) Cell sorting by deterministic cell rolling. Lab on a Chip, 12(8), 1427. DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21225k
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